The professional fishing sector at Lake Constance is experiencing a critical decline, marked by a substantial decrease in both catch yields and the number of active fishermen in recent years.

Local fishing associations report that the number of professional fishermen has decreased from 112 in 2013 to approximately 50 by the end of 2023. This decline is particularly evident along the Baden-Württemberg shoreline, where the number of fishermen has halved over the past decade.

Roland Rösch, chairman of the regional fishermen's association, noted that the average age of professional fishermen is now between 50 and 60 years, indicating an ongoing trend that threatens the sustainability of the profession.

Economic viability is under scrutiny, as few individuals are able to make a living solely from fishing in Lake Constance.

The annual fish catch has fallen sharply from 460 tons in 2013 to only 133 tons in 2023, reflecting a decline of more than 13 percent from the previous year.

Fishermen such as Martin Boesenecker have expressed their concerns regarding the rising costs and inefficiencies associated with their catches.

Boesenecker highlighted a stark change in efficiency, stating that he now catches only 1 kilogram of fish after three hours of fishing—previously he would catch 10 kilograms in the same duration at a cost of €20. Frustrations among fishermen are growing, particularly regarding perceived inadequate political support and a lack of adequate representation in lobbying efforts.

Many fishermen argue that both environmental and fisheries authorities do not fully grasp the challenges they face.

In response to declining yields, some fishermen have begun sourcing fish from external suppliers and are focusing on marketing their products directly to consumers at farm shops and local markets.

The causes of the declining fish stocks in Lake Constance are complex and multifactorial.

One cited factor is the increasing population of cormorants that prey on local fish.

Additionally, low phosphate levels in the lake have resulted in a reduction of plankton availability, which is critical for the subsistence of fish species such as the historically significant whitefish.

The introduction of invasive species, particularly the Quagga mussel, has further exacerbated nutrient depletion within the water.

Fishermen have long sought an increase in phosphate levels to help restore the nutritional balance needed to revitalize fish populations.

Despite a campaign that began nearly a decade ago advocating for these changes, progress remains stagnant.

Furthermore, a three-year fishing ban on whitefish enacted at the beginning of 2023 has further complicated the situation for local fishermen.

The Ministry of the Environment has defended the current phosphate levels, asserting they are vital for maintaining the ecological balance of the lake, and they are in compliance with regulatory standards that may be tightened in the future.

The ministry has acknowledged ongoing discussions concerning the declining fish yields with members of the professional fishing community.

In an effort to support fishermen amidst these challenges, the Ministry of Agriculture has reaffirmed the importance of the long-standing fishing tradition in the Lake Constance region for local tourism and food supply.

The ministry has pointed out alternative fish species that remain available to fishermen, including roach, tench, and carp.

Additionally, funding for fishing nets and equipment has been increased, with approximately €105,000 allocated to 27 fishermen in 2023, with expectations for further funding in 2024. However, the overall trend of declining professional fishermen appears likely to persist.